Fossil energy has begun depleting and has to be replaced with alternative energy. One of the alternative energy sources is biomass. Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. It has h…
Biodiesel has considered as an alternative fuel to replace conventional oil in the world. Biodiesel production raw material mainly came from palm oil that leads to deforestation and food or energy …
The world is full of plastics. However, plastics are not biodegradable and are rather difficult to be decomposed in the environment. The buildup of huge amount of plastic waste in landfills have be…
A chronic exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) from sunlight can cause skin damage or skin disease. Applying cosmetic products such as skin lotions containing antioxidant can protect the skin from UV. Coff…
Urbanization and lifestyle act as driving factors for using disposable plastic bottle for beverages packaging as it is more convenient. Owing to rise consumption, recycle of the disposable plastic …
Water hyacinth or Eicchornia crassipes is a free-floating aquatic plant and is easily found in swamps or rivers, especially in Indonesia. The rapid growth of water hyacinth can disrupt the aquatic …
Spray distillation principles have been proved to be one efficient method to enhance the purity of ethanol. Spray distillation worked by utilizing diffusion, which enables ethanol to evaporate at 4…
Cosmetics such as lip makeup products are becoming necessary products for not only women, many innovative products that loved by many people such as lip stain. The high demand of lip stain producti…
Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) has a great potency to be commercialized as anti-diabetic medication due to its alpha glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) activity. In order to achieve the goal of commerci…
Biodiesel has been widely used as a substitution for petroleum diesel for years. It offers some various advantages such as higher cetane number, higher efficiency, and no sulfur content. Despite th…